Network Security Glossary
A list of frequently used terms
This glossary contains a list of terms, abbreviations, and acronyms frequently used when discussing networks, security, firewalls, and WatchGuard products.
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F
- failover
- A configuration that allows a secondary machine to take over in the event of a stoppage in the first machine, thus allowing normal use to return or continue.
See also high availability.
- failover logging
- A process in which the Firebox immediately establishes contact with a secondary log host, in the event that the Firebox cannot communicate with the primary log host.
- fail-shut mode
- A condition in which a firewall blocks all incoming and outgoing network traffic in the event of a firewall failure. This is the opposite of fail-open mode, in which a firewall crash opens all traffic in both directions. Fail-shut is the default failure mode of the WatchGuard Firebox System.
- fast Ethernet
- An Ethernet networking system that transmits data at 100 million bits per second (Mbps), ten times the speed of an earlier Ethernet standard. Derived from the Ethernet 802.3 standard, it is also known as 100Base-T.
- file server
- A dedicated network computer that stores data files so that other computers can share access to them.
See also client/server.
- filtering process
- Deciding whether a packet should be allowed or denied, depending on what is contained in its header or its contents, based on user-defined policies.
- fingerprint
- A unique identifier for a key that is obtained by hashing specific portions of the key data.
See one-way hash function.
- file extension
- Under Windows, a period and up to three characters at the end of a file name. The extension can help identify the type of file, and often helps a computer know what to do with the file. For example, if a file is named glossary.exe, the file extension is ".exe." The .exe tells a Windows computer that the glossary file is executable.
- filters
- Small, fast programs in a firewall that examine packets as they arrive at the firewall, and route or reject the packets based on user-definable rules.
- Firebox
- The WatchGuard firewall appliance.
- Firebox Monitors
- A suite of WatchGuard Firebox System observation tools combined into a single user interface accessible from Firebox® System Manager. Firebox Monitors allows you to keep an eye on bandwidth usage, who has authenticated to the Firebox, what Web sites have been automatically blocked because they sent questionable traffic, and more.
- Firebox® System Manager
- WatchGuard's toolkit of applications enabling configuration, management, and monitoring of a network security policy.
- firewall
- Software or hardware components that restrict access between a protected network and the Internet, or between other sets of networks, to block unwanted use or abuse.
- flash disk
- An 8-megabyte, on-board flash ROM disk that acts like a hard disk in a Firebox. The word "flash" arises from the fact that it can be erased and reprogrammed rapidly, in blocks instead of one byte at a time.
- forward DNS lookup
- See DNS lookup
- FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name)
- A fully qualified domain name consists of a host and domain name, including a top-level domain such as .com, .net, .gov, .edu, etc. For example, www.watchguard.com is a fully qualified domain name. www is the local host, watchguard is the second-level domain, and .com is the top level domain.
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- The most common protocol for copying files over the Internet.
See also active mode FTP.
- Fully Qualified Domain Name
- See FQDN.
- Function
- In programming, a function is part of a program that performs a specific task. Computer programs usually consist of modules of code. Each module consists of a small part of the program written to perform one specific task. These small, special-purpose chunks of code are called functions. When a program runs, it calls different functions to perform certain tasks. For example, a programmer could write a function to alphabetize a list of names. When the program got to the place where it needed to alphabetize a list of names, the program would call the alphabetizing function, and the function would return the list of names in the correct order. If those names then had to be inserted into a database, the program might call a different function to accomplish that.
See also parameter and Dynamic Link Libraries.
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